Grammar: The English Tense System
A: Tense is a form of the verb which shows time relations.
There are present, past and future tenses and they can be further divided into Simple, Progressive, Perfect and Perfect Progressive. Look at the Table below!
structure
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auxiliary
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main verb
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Simple
|
Normal
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Intensive
|
do
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base
|
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Simple Perfect
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have
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past participle
|
|
Continuous
|
be
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-ing
|
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Perfect Continuous
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Perfect have been
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-ing
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Present
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Past
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Future
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I work
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I worked
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I will work
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I do work
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I did work
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//
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|
I have worked
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I had worked
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I will have worked
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|
I am working
|
I was working
|
I will be working
|
|
I have been working
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I had been working
|
I will have been working
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B: Tense Identification. Read the following passage and check how the above tenses have been used in each paragraph.
Ali has always traveled a lot. In fact, he was only two
years old when he first flew to the US. His mother is Pakistani and his father
is Iranian. Ali was born in France, but his parents had met in Cologne, Germany
after they had been living there for five years. They met one day while Ali's
father was reading a book in the library and his mother sat down beside him.
Anyway, Ali travels a lot because his parents also travel a lot.
As a matter of fact, Ali is visiting his parents in France at the moment. He lives in Islamabad now, but has been visiting his parents for the past few weeks. He really enjoys living in Islamabad, but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year. This year he has flown over 650 miles for his job. He has been working for DesignX for almost two years now. He's pretty sure that he'll be working for them next year as well. His job requires a lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, he'll have traveled over 1250 miles! His next journey will be to Switzerland. He really doesn't like going to Switzerland because it is so far. This time he is going to fly from Paris after a meeting with the company's Austrian partner. He'll have been sitting for over 18 hours by the time he arrives!
Ali was talking with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from Islamabad telephoned to let him know that DesignX had decided to merge with a company in Switzerland. The two companies had been negotiating for the past month, so it really wasn't much of a surprise. Of course, this means that Ali will have to catch the next plane back to Islamabad. He'll be meeting with his boss at this time tomorrow.
As a matter of fact, Ali is visiting his parents in France at the moment. He lives in Islamabad now, but has been visiting his parents for the past few weeks. He really enjoys living in Islamabad, but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year. This year he has flown over 650 miles for his job. He has been working for DesignX for almost two years now. He's pretty sure that he'll be working for them next year as well. His job requires a lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, he'll have traveled over 1250 miles! His next journey will be to Switzerland. He really doesn't like going to Switzerland because it is so far. This time he is going to fly from Paris after a meeting with the company's Austrian partner. He'll have been sitting for over 18 hours by the time he arrives!
Ali was talking with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from Islamabad telephoned to let him know that DesignX had decided to merge with a company in Switzerland. The two companies had been negotiating for the past month, so it really wasn't much of a surprise. Of course, this means that Ali will have to catch the next plane back to Islamabad. He'll be meeting with his boss at this time tomorrow.
C: Tense Paradigms. Learn these Tense Paradigms of Verb Forms. Remember that first form is used in Present Simple; - ING form is used in Progressive Tenses and III form is used in Perfect tenses.
Worked
was/were working
had worked
Had been working
works
is/are/am working
has/have worked
has/have been working
will work
will be working
will have worked
will have been working
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He worked in a bank.
I was working.
He had worked.
She had been working.
He works.
I am working.
You have worked.
They have been working.
I will work.
You will be working.
We will have worked.
He will have been working.
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Excercise
Read and fill in the following blanks with proper forms of the verbs.
1.
He ______ (go) to school every
day.
2.
She ______ (work) at a factory
now.
3.
What are you ______ (do) for a
living?
4.
I _______ (leave) Karachi tomorrow.
5.
I _____________(teach) here since 2005.
6.
He ________ (meet) him yesterday.
7.
They ________ (finish) their work by then.
8.
You ________(sleep) at that time.
9.
Where _________ (be) you last night?
10. We ________ (learn) English after 6 weeks.
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1. He GOES to school every day.
ReplyDelete2. She IS WORKING at a factory now.
3. What are you DOING for a living?
4. I WILL LEAVE Karachi tomorrow.
5. I HAVE BEEN TEACHING here since 2005.
6. He MET HIM him yesterday.
7. They WILL HAVE FINISHED their work by then.
8. You WERE SLEEPING at that time.
9. Where WERE you last night?
10. We WILL LEARN English after 6 weeks.
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