IELTS Reading Question Type (1) MCQs
NeoTips for Reading MCQs
Read the questions. Underline the keyword. Skim and Scan for the answer. Don’t read the text. Focus your synonyms.
Before looking at a longer reading, we'll have a practice with two paragraphs. It is the first part of the full reading you will do. Identify the key word in the question first of all. Then scan the text to find it. When you have done this, read the sentences around this key word and see what information best matches the three choices you have.
1. What is dry farming?
a. Preserving nitrates and moisture.
b. Ploughing the land again and again.
c. Cultivating fallow land.
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Australian Agricultural Innovations:
1850 – 1900
During this period, there was a wide spread
expansion of agriculture in Australia. The selection system was begun, whereby
small sections of land were parceled out by lot. Particularly in New South
Wales, this led to conflicts between small holders and the emerging squatter
class, whose abuse of the system often allowed them to take vast tracts of
fertile land.
There were also many positive advances in
farming technology as the farmers adapted agricultural methods to the harsh
Australian conditions. One of the most important was “dry farming”. This was
the discovery that repeated ploughing of fallow, unproductive land could
preserve nitrates and moisture, allowing the land to eventually be
cultivated. This, along with the extension of the railways allowed the
development of what are now great inland wheat lands.
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Now read the rest of the article and solve the questions.
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During this period, there was a wide spread
expansion of agriculture in Australia. The selection system was begun,
whereby small sections of land were parceled out by lot. Particularly in New
South Wales, this led to conflicts between small holders and the emerging
squatter class, whose abuse of the system often allowed them to take vast
tracts of fertile land.
There were also many positive advances in
farming technology as the farmers adapted agricultural methods to the harsh
Australian conditions. One of the most important was “dry farming”. This was
the discovery that repeated ploughing of fallow, unproductive land could preserve
nitrates and moisture, allowing the land to eventually be cultivated. This,
along with the extension of the railways allowed the development of what are
now great inland wheat lands.
The inland areas of Australia are less fertile
than most other wheat producing countries and yields per acre are lower. This
slowed their development, but also led to the development of several labour
saving devices. In 1843 John Ridley, a South Australian farmer, invented “the
stripper”, a basic harvesting machine. By the 1860s its use was widespread.
H. V. McKay, then only nineteen, modified the machine so that it was a
complete harvester: cutting, collecting and sorting. McKay developed this
early innovation into a large harvester manufacturing industry centred near Melbourne
and exporting worldwide. Robert Bowyer Smith invented the “stump jump
plough”, which let a farmer plough land which still had tree stumps on it. It
did this by replacing the traditional plough shear with a set of wheels that
could go over stumps, if necessary.
The developments in farm machinery were
supported by scientific research. During the late 19th century, South
Australian wheat yields were going down. An agricultural scientist at the
colony’s agricultural college, John Custance, found that this was due to a
lack of phosphates and advised the use of soluble superphosphate fertilizer.
The implementation of this scheme revitalised the industry.
From early days it had been obvious that
English and European sheep breeds had to be adapted to Australian conditions,
but only near the end of the century was the same applied to crops. Prior to
this, English and South African strains had been use, with varying degrees of
success. William Farrer, from Cambridge University, was the first to develop
new wheat varieties that were better able to withstand dry Australian
conditions. By 1914, Australia was no longer thought of as a land suitable
only for sheep, but as a wheat growing nation.
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1. What is dry farming?
a. Preserving nitrates and moisture.
b. Ploughing the land again and again.
c. Cultivating fallow land.
2. What did H. V. McKay do?
a. Export the stripper.
b. Improve the stripper.
c. Cut, collect and sort wheat.
3. What was the stump jump plough’s innovation?
a. It could cut through tree stumps.
b. To put the plough shear on wheels.
c. It allowed farmers to cultivate land that hadn’t been fully cleared.
4. What did John Custance recommend?
a. Improving wheat yields.
b. Revitalising the industry.
c. Fertilizing the soil.
5. Why was William Farrer’s wheat better?
a. It was drought resistant.
b. It wasn’t from England or South Africa.
c. It was drier for Australian conditions.
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